Saturday, August 31, 2019

Sitting System For People Health And Social Care Essay

Appropriate posing positions are varied, it depends on activity taken ; working at a desk, computing machine, driving or eating. However, these actions have a same rule to concern: stable and comfy. Human sitting is asymmetrical and dynamic, when Sitters feel non comfy with their seats they will brace themselves. And ever has changeless motion at least every 5-10 proceedingss to diminish the force per unit area on the contact points, avoid terrible pressing on any portion of the organic structure until cause hurt.1.3.1 Biomechanics of sitingBiomechanics utilises the Torahs of Physicss and the constructs of Engineering to depict the gesture formulated by assorted organic structure sections and the forces moving on these them ( Chaffin and Andresson, 1984 ) . Appropriate posing positions are varied, it depends on activity which taken ; working at a desk, computing machine, driving or eating. However, suited sitting place in biomechanics is the balance of forces and minutes. balance plane1.bmp F = Force M = Moment Balance of forces and minutes in all planes Biomechanics has emphasised the relation between the organic structure ‘s Centre of force per unit area ( COP ) and its Centre of mass ( COM ) . The COM is a point equivalent of the entire organic structure mass and is the leaden norm of the COM of each organic structure section in all planes while the COP corresponds to the point of application of the force under the country of contact with the place surface ( Lacoste et al. , 2006 ) . In order to equilibrate the organic structure over a stable sitting base, the COM is straight over the sitting base. Stability of sitting position is able to better when the country of contact between the organic structure and the support surface are increased. The relationship of the stableness with country of contact and forces is following: Stability Therefore increasing the size of the base of support will increase the stableness ( Ham et al. , 1998 ) . For some postural malformations, the country of the support base is reduced therefore the stableness is improved by addition the support country such as supplying the chest support bole support or buffering on the seating. The balance of sitting encourages the right form or position of spinal. In sidelong position, alliance of spinal is looked somewhat S- form. The key of stable base is the pelvic girdle. In the basic of normal posing, the pelvic girdle is centred and rotates rearward as a consequence of the tenseness in hamstrings ( posterior thigh musculuss ) . For maximal stableness and minimal musculus attempt when keeping an unsloped position ( every bit same as in the erect standing place ) , the Centre of mass of the upper organic structure should be maintained over the ischeal tubercles ( Zacharkow, 1984 ) balance plane2.bmp The contact points of the seated position are ischial tubercles, thighs and pess. By supplying support through the thighs, legs and pess, force per unit area is reduced over the ischial tubercles. The thighs are parallel to each other and in the natural place. For the ground that thigh musculuss span the hip and articulatio genus, the grade of hip flexure and knee extension on the seating should be avoided to pull of hamstrings. A upper limit of 100 grades of hip flexure and 105 grades of articulatio genus extension is advised ( Mayall and Desharnais, 1995 ) . The pelvic girdle rotates somewhat forward promotes flexure of the lower dorsum or lumbar hollow-back. It will be curved concave to the forepart to back up the weight of the upper portion: bole, weaponries and caput. However, for the people with physical disablements who are lacking in postural ability and postural dissymmetries can besides take to orthopaedic malformations, uncomfortableness, decreased physiologic maps, self-image, and quality of life ( Trefler et al. , 1993 ) . Consequently, users with a motor disability need a seating which can counterbalance for the stableness and besides back up the functional and postural ability that each person has. There are many ways to depict the assortment of siting systems for people with physical disablements. However, in this survey, the seating system will be categorised by 3 characteristics of the chair as shown in table Twenty.Siting system for people with physical disablementsFeatureCategorizationFunctional of utilizing Wheelchair Particular seating Beginning of energy Manual Power Feature of traveling Rigid Dynamic1.3.2 Wheelchair populationA wheelchair is one of the most common devices used to help users who have limited abilities to walk or travel. The wheelchair user population includes kids, grownups, and aged individuals. There are many grounds for their disablements: birth defects ( kids who have motion upsets ) , accidents ( an hurt to legs or the spinal column, which controls leg motion ) , infirmity diseases and old age. Harmonizing to Wheelchair foundation, â€Å" over 100 million people with physical disablements worldwide need wheelchairs. It is estimated that the figure of people who need wheelchairs will increase by 22 per centum over the following 10 old ages, with the greatest demand bing in developing states † ( Behring. , 2009 ) . In UK, there are an estimated 10 million handicapped people, about 20 % of population ( Office for National Statistics, 2010 ; Statisticss, 2008 ) and 5 % of people with disablement are a motor damage ( NHS, 2004 ; Wray, 2005 ) . The proportion of wheelchair population additions with age. Separate into three age groups: kids under 18 old ages of age, grownup 18-64 twelvemonth and aged 65 and older, the highest rates are found among the aged population so working age and non many in kids. There are assorted wellness conditions and damages doing a individual demand to utilize wheelchair and these grounds are diverse in different age group of users. In table Twenty shows the wellness conditions and damages reported as the chief cause of functional or activity restriction. Stroke 11.1 % Arthritis 10.4 % Multiple induration 5.0 % Absence lower appendage 3.7 % Paraplegia 3.6 % Orthopaedic lower appendage 3.6 % Heart disease 3.3 % Cerebral paralysis 3.1 % Rheumatoid arthritis 3.0 % Diabetess 2.4 % ( LaPlante et al. , 2009 ) Manual seating system is the chair that needs self impeling by users or health professionals. The users of manual wheelchairs by and large have lower appendage failing, palsy, or amputation doing walking insecure or hard at best. They may include persons with spinal cord hurts, unilateral paralysis and other types of palsy, multiple induration, intellectual paralysis, spina bifida, arthritis, and lower limb amputations. Typically, the user is a paraplegic or quadriparetic individual who desires to manually impel himself every bit much as possible for the exercising and ensuing wellness benefits. For the wheelchair dependent individual who has to impel by his or her ain, the most common country of musculoskeletal is the shoulder. This is because users normally have overload on their upper organic structures to turn the wheels of the wheelchairs. In 2008, Desroches et Al. published a paper in which they studied the relationship between the effectivity of the attendant force at the handrims and the mechanical burden by the net shoulder minutes. They found that more force demands are more at hazard of shoulder hurts on the land that overexploitation. Furthermore, elbows, carpuss and custodies are besides injured because they are non designed to get by with the insistent contact with the wheelchair pushrims. This frequent insistent burden may be one of the possible causes of the incidence of carpal tunnel syndrome. Powered wheelchair theoretical accounts are controlled by the user ‘s manus with a little control stick. Users who unable to utilize a manus for maneuvering and control may be capable of a oral cavity control or breath control device. These power wheelchairs are much safer to run with a computing machine inadvertence. However, serious accidents sometimes result from feeling or computing machine system failures. ( N.I.R.E. , 2004 ) . The failures may be elusive 1s non recognised by users. Otherwise, they can be in the signifier of a sudden, unexpected entire failure of the wheelchair computing machine system, which may ensue in an accident when happening at a critical clip.1.3.3 Particular SeatingParticular seating designed for people with physical disablements considers demands like phase of development, disablements and other upsets. At the same clip, ought to see as position, force per unit area and comfort. The mobility and position jobs that motor impairment people face may be due to muscle failings, musculus instabilities and cramp or hapless esthesis. There are many grounds for their disablements like birth defects ( kids who have motion upsets ) , accidents ( an hurt to legs or the spinal column, which controls leg motion ) , infirmity diseases and old age. Siting is a work of complex coordinating of human constructions. The form of the pelvic girdle is unstable by nature in sitting place. It can non be kept stable without the cooperation of organic structure musculus and limbs. In add-on, a proper design of constituents such as place backrest, armrest, footrest, etc. , is encourage stableness in the sitting place and the comfort of the place. First and the foremost for handicapped posing is the importance of stable posing, it is achieved if there is a balance of forces and minutes in all planes ( Letts, 1991 ) . An unstable sitting non merely makes upper organic structure hard to command balance but besides non keep the good place of physiology. A particular place base with a back support can be used which would assists the patient who is being positioned for physical therapy. The supports are made from stuffs such as plyboard, froth and polymer. These stuffs provide postural support and alleviate the force per unit area for patients who have unbalanced organic structures. Nevertheless for kids who have the spasticity CP, they will do their organic structure imbalanced and unstable when have extensor cramp. This in bend makes the patient uncomfortable and impairs their functional ability. Furthermore, CP kids need more seating demands than a broad assortment of people with disablements because of their overactive stretch physiological reactions and irregular stableness. The force per unit area sores are besides considered because this frequently occurs when sitting for a long clip without traveling. A considerable sum of literature has been published on biomechanics of siting system with spastic CP patients, they have investigated the force per unit area forces in sitting place and strong forces of extensor push in patients which impart onto their wheelchairs and they found that high forces can besides do hurts for the kid ( Dawley and Julian, 2003 ; Hahn et al. , 2009 ) . The force per unit area ulcers that suffer from force per unit area force in sitting have been concerned for many decennaries. Harrison et Al. published a paper in which they reviewed the literature of sitting biomechanics in normal organic structures. The thought of dynamic seating has been designed in Germany since 1884 for mills that had adjustable backrests and place undersides with rounded forepart borders to cut down force per unit area on the under-thigh part ( Harrison et al. , 1999 ) . The chief aim of presenting the dynamic seating to the design of the chair is to avoid the force per unit area ulcer. Dynamic siting systems have been available on the market since 1989 ( Hahn et al. , 2009 ) by including spring loaded, elastic constituents or powered devices, in the outlook that it will react suitably to the users with strong musculus cramp, cut down the hurting and cut down force per unit area from restricted position. For people with physical disablements particularly patients who have strong extensor spasticity the dynamic design ease them non merely to forestall the force per unit area ulcer and hurt to the user but besides prevent breakage of the chair. Dynamic seating constituents are designed to travel as a consequence of forceful motions exerted by a client ( Magnuson and Dilabio, 2003 ) . The dispute of the effectivity and impact of the surrogate design has been discussed. Several surveies have attempted to explicate that to repair a place would be more goo d for patients ‘ physical therapy than to change the sitting position every clip of extensor cramp ( Barnes, 1998 ; Herman and Lange, 1999 ) . However, the surrogate design is presumed that when musculuss stretch, the forces produced between place ‘s parts and their organic structures would diminish with usage of the dynamic constituents. Furthermore, this system can be approved and it does non hold any negative consequence for the long term use. The basic apprehension of physical features of the user is indispensable for the design and consideration of postural support. Furthermore, it is really indispensable to understand the scope of the forces that are being applied to the user ‘s organic structure when using postural support within a seating system. Barnes M.R. ( 1998 ) Reappraisal: Management of spasticity. Age and Ageing 27:239-245. Behring. K. ( 2009 ) Wheelchair Distribution Project: Serving the World, Wheelchair foundation Wetherby, UK. Chaffin D.B. , Andresson G.B.J. ( 1984 ) Occupational Biomechanics John Wiley & A ; Sons, Inc, the United State of America. Dawley J. , Julian R. ( 2003 ) Purpose, Use And Fabrication Of A Custom Made Dynamic Backrest, 19th International Seating Symposium, Florida, USA. pp. 145-147. Hahn M.E. , Simkins S.L. , Gardner J.K. , Kaushik G. ( 2009 ) A Dynamic Seating System for Children with Cerebral Palsy. Journal of Musculoskeletal Research 12:21-30. Ham R. , Aldersea P. , Porter D. ( 1998 ) Wheelchair users and postural siting a clinical attack Churchill Livingstone, New York, USA. Harrison D.D. , Harrison S.O. , Croft A.C. , Harrison D.E. , Troyanovich S.J. ( 1999 ) Siting biomechanics Part I: Reappraisal of the Literature. Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics 22:594-609. Herman J.H. , Lange M.L. ( 1999 ) Seating and positioning to pull off spasticity after encephalon hurt Journal NeuroRehabilitation 12:105-117. Lacoste M. , Therrien M. , Cote J.N. , Shrier I. , Labelle H. , Prince F. ( 2006 ) Appraisal of Seated Postural Control in Children: Comparison of a Force Platform Versus a Pressure Mapping System. Archivess of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 87:1623-1629. LaPlante M. , Kaye S. , Kang T. ( 2009 ) Wheelchair Use in the United States, UCSF Disability Statistics Center Institute for Health & A ; Aging. Letts R. ( 1991 ) General rules of siting Boca Raton: CRC Press. Magnuson S. , Dilabio M. ( 2003 ) Dynamic Seating Components: The Best Evidence and Clinical Experience, 19th International Seating Symposium, Florida, USA. pp. 109-111. Mayall J.K. , Desharnais G. ( 1995 ) Positioning in a wheelchair: a usher for professional health professionals of the handicapped grownup 2nd erectile dysfunction. erectile dysfunction. Thorofare, NJ N.I.R.E. ( 2004 ) Mobility Training for User and Public Safety, The National Institute for Rehabilitation Engineering. NHS. ( 2004 ) Bettering Servicess for Wheelchair Users and Carers: Good Practice Guide, Executive sum-up, NHS Purchasing and Supply Agency rehabilitation squad. Office for National Statistics G.R.O.f.S. , Northern Ireland Statistics & A ; Research Agency. ( 2010 ) , Office for National Statistics, General Register Office for Scotland, Northern Ireland Statistics & A ; Research Agency. Statisticss T.O.f.N. ( 2008 ) Registered Blind and Partially Sighted People England twelvemonth stoping 31 March 2008, Department of Health, The Office for National Statistics. Trefler E. , Hobson D.A. , Taylor S.J. , Monahan L.C. , Shaw C.G. , Zimbleman C. ( 1993 ) Seating AND MOBILITY: For Persons with Physical Disabilities San Antonio: Therapy Skill Builders. Wray M. ( 2005 ) Bing Inclusive in the Creative and Performing Arts, BICPA, the eight spouses of CADISE ( The Consortium of Humanistic disciplines and Design Institutions in Southern England ) Zacharkow D. ( 1984 ) wheelchair Posture and Pressure Sores Charles C Thomas Publisher, Illinois, USA.

Friday, August 30, 2019

Liberalism

This week essay based on Gerald Macaulay, last week's articles Essay Assignment November 4th Instructions, Guidelines Topics Opinion based on research (secondary) Extension of a week to November 1 lath for any reason 1. What are ideologies 2. Key Feature of Ideologies 3. What Is â€Å"special† about Ideologies? 4. What is the history of the concept? 5. Positive vs.. Negative conception of ideology 6.Complications of studying them What are ideologies? Competing conceptual frameworks Clusters/composites of political beliefs, values and ideas a pattern of social, political, economic, technological and philosophical beliefs that help us organize the world around us. † P. X Grounded in beliefs about human nature and social possibility (what is, and what could be) What do Ideologies do?Explain or Inform – what Is going on? Judge-what should I think about this? Guide political actions- what should do about this? Inform social relations-Who are my allies? My enemies? What Is my relationship to other In this? Etc. Key Features of ideologies Historically contingent-constantly changing/shifting Changes In central concepts (meanings) and also In relation of concepts to other concepts (e. G. Allegations of freedom to equality) Include â€Å"core† and â€Å"adjacent† concepts Both rational and emotional Normative and prescriptive In various affinities/alliances with each other (historically shifting) Include a spectrum of views Frequently claim to be true, to be non-ideological 1 OFF Differentiating ideologies from political theories/philosophies 1) Typicality 2) Influence 3) Conceptual Creativity 4) Communicability History of Ideologies Link to democracy, to concern with public opinion ) As a scientific term of study.

Thursday, August 29, 2019

Life of pi personal essay

In Yawn Marten's Life of Pi, Piecing Molotov Patella's Journey explores many connections to my life. His life in India, along with his experience on water, allows Pi to recognize many attributes about himself. My life in three specific ways, mirrors the life of Pl. This is proven through hope, loss, and religion involved in both of our lives. Pip's ‘cup half full' outlook, along with his â€Å"fierce will to live†(Marten, 164) is what gives him hope throughout his Journey on water. This is seen when Pi absorbs that there is a tiger in his life boat and that they are stranded in the middle of the ocean.This makes him realize oncoming death, however he fails to accept it due to the voice he hears in his heart; â€Å"l will not die. I refuse it. I will not make it through this nightmare. I will beat the odds, as great as they are. I have survived so far, miraculously. Now I will turn miracle into routine (163). † This spark of light found in his heart in such a hopel ess situation, proves his amazing outlook on life and will to survive. Similarly, I try to view every situation in a positive light as well, no matter how hopeless the situation may be.This is usually seen when I may be in a bad situation with others, and instead of complaining, I will make the remark â€Å"Well, it could be worse. For instance†¦ † This attitude tends to create more positivist in everyone and every situation. In addition, Pip's loss of loved ones also connects to myself. When he can no longer deny the death of his Father, Mother and brother Rave, he grieves; â€Å"what a thing to acknowledge in your heart (141)! † This represents the love that he will forever cherish of his family. Loss is something that everyone lives with.In the case of God's Theodosius, people presume that evil, including loss, is existent due to possible reasons: to build character, to develop free will, pure revenge, etc. In the case of P', I believe that his loss establishes building of character, and in connection to my first point, creates motivation which brings him hope. The loss of my family members, including all four of my grandparents, has been bitter sweet. Of course, death is a tragedy in the case of loved ones, however, believing that they are looking down on e has given me hope and motivation, like P', to strive for success and make them proud.The major factor that Pi develops throughout the novel is the discovery of his identity. His religion(s), family, and self, all contribute to the way that he showcases himself when he is independent on the ocean. In his search for religion, Pi is not limited by the bounds of a single religion, but instead seeks guidance and meaning from many. His choices of following the religions of Buddhism, Hinduism, and Christianity are all able to contribute to his strong love for God/Allah.It is Pip's dignity and belief for God that he cares about; â€Å"To me, religion is about our dignity, not our depravity'( 79). Like Papua Gandhi, I agree that ‘All religions are true† (76) and that there are no rules for loving God as religion is an independent choice. After all, the point of spirituality is not to becoming limited by narrow thinking, but to find yourself in order to enhance your lives, and the lives of those around you. Unlike P', I was raised practicing the single religion of Judaism in my household.My mother (who inverted) along with my father, exposed me to the practices and beliefs of Judaism, which I still practice and abide by today. This goes along with my Bat Mitzvahs at the age of thirteen which identified me as a woman. My belief in God, like Pi, is strong, and thanks to religion, is a major part of my identity. When examined closer, Pip's hope in all situations, loss of loved ones, and identity which is seen through his religion, are all able to connect closely with myself. Works Cited Marten, Yawn. Life of Pi: a novel. New York: Harcourt, 2001. Print.

Wednesday, August 28, 2019

The role of educators to promote human rights and social justice Essay

The role of educators to promote human rights and social justice - Essay Example Therefore, this will mean that the social justice activists will articulate their mission as they mention human rights. This is maintained in pedagogy to create a community of learners that understands and values rights of humans recognizing that every human being has to be dignified. The aim of this dissertation is to examine social justice and education by focusing on the integration of human rights in curricula, policies, and practices of secondary schools. The context describes the focus of the research topic in secondary schooling and the terms used in this study.   The third section looks at three issues relevant to the research topic, namely, the relationship between human rights and education, the stakeholders in human rights education, and the integration of human rights education in secondary schools.The function of education within a social justice framework involves the empowerment of learners to become active change agents in the community. Secondary school education i n human rights should focus on developing the learners’ critical thinking skills in relation to their knowledge about human rights. Teaching about human rights entails transmitting information and ideas on human rights and promoting attitudes and values that support such rights. This is associated with the position that teaching for human rights is characterized by examination of fundamental components that consist of human rights including equality, freedom, justice, and life, and the disparaging impact of pain.

Contemporary Issues in HR management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Contemporary Issues in HR management - Essay Example Contemporary Issues in HR management The most ostensible goal for all human resource managers is to record an improving productivity in the organisation. The performance of the organisation should be inclining against time. This concludes that managers should ensure all the employees are giving the best to the organisation. Managing and organising employees could be a hard task especially when the manager is dealing with large numbers. Apparently, productivity in most organisations is measured by the revenue that is collected via the businesses of the organisation. Therefore, managers have to ensure the revenue of the organisation is on an improving scale. However, there are several setbacks that make this a contemporary issue. First, some employees have low morale at the work place. Employees with low morale have a negative impact on the productivity of an organisation. Such employees have a tendency of not utilising their time in the organisation. These employees are a discouragement to other employees as they have ha phazard performance criteria. Since they do not give full dedication to their job, they end up giving dismal results. This affects the whole institution as the overall performance is brought down. Secondly, productivity is affected when the employees are not contented with the working shifts they are given. For instance, some employees have a tendency of refusing to work in some shifts. Though some employees are contented with working in certain shifts, they have a tendency of doing shoddy work.... The performance of the organisation should be inclining against time. This concludes that managers should ensure all the employees are giving the best to the organisation. Managing and organising employees could be a hard task especially when the manager is dealing with large numbers. Apparently, productivity in most organisations is measured by the revenue that is collected via the businesses of the organisation. Therefore, managers have to ensure the revenue of the organisation is on an improving scale (Kearns, 2006:13). However, there are several setbacks that make this a contemporary issue. First, some employees have low morale at the work place. Employees with low morale have a negative impact on the productivity of an organisation. Such employees have a tendency of not utilising their time in the organisation. These employees are a discouragement to other employees as they have haphazard performance criteria. Since they do not give full dedication to their job, they end up givi ng dismal results. This affects the whole institution as the overall performance is brought down. Secondly, productivity is affected when the employees are not contented with the working shifts they are given. For instance, some employees have a tendency of refusing to work in some shifts. Though some employees are contented with working in certain shifts, they have a tendency of doing shoddy work. This is a problem that has been affecting the human resource management as they have little to do on such situations. When employees are not contented with a certain shift in the organisation, they are likely to do a shoddy job. This will affect the productivity of the organisation to greater

Tuesday, August 27, 2019

European Corn Borer Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

European Corn Borer - Assignment Example BT456 and Golden Crop experienced similar drops with the low and high infestations (BT456- 5%/16% & Golden Crop-7%/26% approximately). Meanwhile, BT123 appeared to be the most resistant crop to either infestation of the European corn borer. It exhibited a yield of more than 1% greater during the low infestation and dropped a mere 2% in the high infestation phase. A farmer would gain by planting BT corn even if there was no particular threat of the European corn borer to the crop. The average yield of the Super H (Non-BT) crop was 163.4, barely out-producing BT123 which had an average yield of 163. Therefore, if a farmer chose either BT456 or Golden Crop he would out-produce the Super H (Non-BT) crop on average yields, with 186 and 184.7 respectively. If the Bacillus Thuringiensis bacterium in the corn affected non-target beneficial insects it would act as a disadvantage to the livelihood of the crop removing insects that have positive effects on the crop's yield. Alternatively, it would prove advantageous if the bacterium could also remove harmful insects in addition to the European corn borer for which it was designed, thereby increasing the livelihood of the crop and the yield. ... Regardless, it has been determined that the protein in BT-corn is very selective and only acts as an insecticide for those insects unsafe to the corn crop, having no effects on the environment, people, animals, or beneficial insects (Bessin, 2004). 4.) What might happen if ECB became resistant to BT If the European corn borer were to become resistant to the bacterium-generated corn it would result in more damage for the farmer's crop yield. If the ECB become resistant, then they will produce larvae that are, in turn, defiant against the BT corn. According to Ric Bessin the Extension Entomologist at the University Of Kentucky College of Agriculture, the best way for farmers to prevent ECB resistance is providing higher doses of the bacterium necessary to kill the ECB and limiting the amounts of BT corn they produce, allowing some non-BT corn remaining as a refuge to the corn borers (2004). 5.) Discuss possible benefits and drawbacks of a transgenic organism such as BT Corn Some benefits posed upon using BT corn include pricing, whether the pressure exuded by the corn borers on the crop is great enough to pay extra for the bacterium-generated corn. In addition, since the bacterium is within the organism there is no need for the equipment and application necessary for regular insecticides; also, the selectivity of the protein rids the crop of other potential dangerous insects while ineffectual to neutral and favorable organisms. Some drawbacks of using the BT corn include cost, which can be an advantage and disadvantage; the possibility of cross-pollination among BT corn and non-BT corn due to the fact that it depends on the wind to pollinate; and the management plan that must be incorporated in

Monday, August 26, 2019

Of all the lies out there, the one that corporate executives pay is Essay

Of all the lies out there, the one that corporate executives pay is linked to the performance of their companies takes the prize. Discuss this in relation to - Essay Example For the business to be viable, it has to turn out products or services that are profitably sold to meet the needs of customers. The principals in turn may (or may not) hire managers to run the business and generate the expected profits. These hired managers (agents or executives as they are now called because they carry out or execute the plans of principals) have their own interests, the main of which is to receive adequate levels of compensation or pay to convince them to work for the principal and in such a work environment. Principals and agents therefore each have their own interests. While principals want the highest return for funds invested, agents want the highest pay they can get for their work. Their interests converge in a common desire to keep the business viable so that both continue to enjoy the rewards of their work. It is therefore to their advantage to align their respective self-interests and desires. In practice, however, this has not always been the case, as shown by events in early 20th century America when agents (managers) of railroad companies got paid well even as they mismanaged their companies, resulting in principals suffering heavy losses on their investments. Recent examples (Enron and WorldCom) show this to be still a problem. The study of thThe study of the relationship between principals (owners represented by the board of directors) and agents (managers or executives) was pioneered by Berle and Means (1932), who pointed out that the interests of the owner and the manager may diverge because of the separation of ownership and control and the absence of a system of checks and balances in the exercise of power within the organization. Unlike in a business where the owner is also the manager who works to earn the maximum profit under acceptable levels of risk, Berle and Means concluded that hired managers if these are not the same as owners tend to work with the limited aim of running the company only for their (the agent's) own profit. The experiences of modern business corporations in the last century contain numerous examples of divergence between the interests of agents and principals, with disastrous results (mainly to the principals). This led to debates by economics and finance academics as to whether an ideal ownership structure exists that would prevent the failure of a business. This issue touches the core of why businesses exist in the first place, which is to maximize profits for its owners' investments, and attempts to explain a related set of problems: why and how firms previously managed successfully by their owners eventually fail when under hired managers. Economists used to assume without question that everyone - owners, managers, employees, and lenders - act together for the good of the firm because "each one is bound by formal and informal contracts to ensure that shareholder value is maximized" (Brealey and Myers 991). After all, biting the hand that feeds them would seem unwise and against common sense for intelligent managers to do, but through the years this continued to happen as well-paid managers continue to

Sunday, August 25, 2019

The context and consequences of theories of crime and how they shape Coursework

The context and consequences of theories of crime and how they shape current policy - Coursework Example Theories of crime in criminological studies contribute to current policy but due to lack of proper policy makers sometimes such policies are not properly executed. These theories identify areas where people can be helped to avoid committing crimes and provides a platform to educate the society on consequences of crime. Theories of crime are used in reducing levels of crime where criminologists use these theories to implement and create policies that help individuals against committing such crimes. Some of these theories include the rational choice theory, social disorganization theory, strain theory, social control theory labeling theory, and biological and evolution theories (Frauley, 2009). The Rational choice theory explains that people act in their self-interest and make their decisions to commit a crime (Frauley, 2009). The social disorganization theory states that a person physical and social environment can have an effect on a person’s behavioral choice. The strain theory states that when people fail to achieve their goals through hard work they may turn to crime to achieve their goals. Social learning theory states people acquire criminal behavior through association with other people. Criminologists in the society form theories on how to deter crime. They use such theories to advise policy makers in the criminal justice on how to execute them in public policy. Public policy is based on theories constituted and implemented by lawmakers. Such theories include the choice theory, trait theory social process theory and development theory. Choice theory states that severe punishment deters crime. Choice theory builds social policy since it makes sure that the society has the knowledge that a crime is wrong and is unacceptable in the society (Smith, 2009). Trait theory states that crime is committed since criminals have physical and mental defects. They develop public policy such as preventive programs that deal with the treatment of defects for

Saturday, August 24, 2019

Economic analysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Economic analysis - Assignment Example For the past few years, economists surveyed by NABE have concluded that fiscal policy uncertainty including efforts to rein in the deficit was constraining economic growth. However, the survey released on Monday has indicated that 57% no longer believed uncertainty was holding back the recovery. On the other hand, 38% of the citizens thought the fiscal policy was restraining the recovery compared with 80% in March 2014. According to NABE survey, almost half of the respondents believe the current fiscal policy to be about right. The rest of the respondents are divided with about a fourth indicating it is too stimulative and the other fourth too restrictive (Davidson, 2015). The Federal Research officials Janet Yellen and Ben Bernanke have warned that restrictive fiscal policy creates headwinds for recovery rather than supporting it as it did during previous economic downturns. Bernanke said that excessively tight near-term fiscal policies have tremendously been counterproductive. The economists have also differed on the current shortfall with 44% criticizing it on excessive spending, 28% blaming it to the output gap, and 24% citing insufficient revenues. A quarter of the economists suggested that the Fed should raise interest rates this year. About 9 percent of them except the rate increase to occur within the first six months (Mankiw, 2014). On the other hand, two-thirds of the economists expect rates to rise during the second part of the year while a quarter believe that the Fed will keep policy on hold until 2016. In the United States, inadequate demand has tremendously constrained activities in the economy of US which has caused repeated downgrades to growth forecast. The current financial crisis and ensuing recession have put the productive capacity of the nation’s economy on a lower and shallower direction than the ones in the previous years. It is estimated that the potential

Friday, August 23, 2019

Entrepreneur Project Part II Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Entrepreneur Project Part II - Research Paper Example (Longley, 2004). This shows that a large percentage of US population will comprise of people above the age of 65. The idea of starting this project was to enter into a business that has not been fully ventured into by different organizations. Our research into the idea showed that not many organizations are providing all the services and home-like environment in adults care centres. That is why it is a great opportunity to enter into the business and take advantage of the financial benefits that it provides. The vision statement therefore refers to being the most sought-after organization in adult care, among the families of the old age people and the old age people themselves. By providing different services like physical and mental health care, personalized care, providing equipment for people with disabilities, teaching home-based care, and providing home like environment and networking with other elder people can make our organization reach high demand among the targeted population. The vision aims to be the best at what we are going to provide. The organization will not be any small sized adult day care centre. It aims to provide a variety of services to the old people so that they are comfortable, are taken care of, and feel like they are at home. President: The president of the organization is the top head of the organization. S/he belongs to the upper most tier of the organization. The president will deal with all the highly strategic decision making process. The president does not go into the details of the minute things happening in the business. S/he will just guide the department heads and CEO with the overall running of the business. Only extremely important and major decisions will be finalized under his/her leadership. For example a decision to open the business in a new country will need the consent of President. Therefore President will be the leader of the entire organization and its

Thursday, August 22, 2019

Political philosophy Essay Example for Free

Political philosophy Essay An English philosopher and physician regarded as one of the most influential of Enlightenment thinkers. Considered one of the first of the British empiricists, following the tradition of Francis Bacon, he is equally important to social contract theory. His work had a great impact upon the development of epistemology and political philosophy. His writings influenced Voltaire and Rousseau, many Scottish Enlightenment thinkers, as well as the American revolutionaries. His contributions to classical republicanism and liberal theory are reflected in the United States Declaration of Independence. Lockes theory of mind is often cited as the origin of modern conceptions of identity and the self, figuring prominently in the work of later philosophers such as Hume, Rousseau and Kant. Locke was the first to define the self through a continuity of consciousness. He postulated that the mind was a blank slate or tabula rasa. Contrary to pre-existing Cartesian philosophy, he maintained that we are born without innate ideas, and that knowledge is instead determined only by experience derived from sense perception. THOMAS HOBBES Hobbes was a champion of absolutism for the sovereign but he also developed some of the fundamentals of European liberal thought: the right of the individual; the natural equality of all men; the artificial character of the political order (which led to the later distinction between civil society and the state); the view that all legitimate political power must be representative and based on the consent of the people; and a liberal interpretation of law which leaves people free to do whatever the law does not explicitly forbid. He was one of the founders of modern political philosophy. His understanding of humans as being matter and motion, obeying the same physical laws as other matter and motion, remains influential; and his account of human nature as self-interested cooperation, and of political communities as being based upon a social contract remains one of the major topics of political philosophy. In addition to political philosophy, Hobbes also contributed to a diverse array of other fields, including history, geometry, the physics of gases, theology, ethics, and general philosophy.

Wednesday, August 21, 2019

Role of Women in Society Essay Example for Free

Role of Women in Society Essay A woman in today’s society is somewhat equal to a man’s, or any other person for that matter. Things back before the 1500’s were very strict for women, women basically had no rights. Women had no right to vote, no freedom of speech, women did not work back in the 1500’s they were stay at home mom’s, and took care of their households, and wifely duties. In the ancient times women had their places, and what their roles were supposed to be. It was very important for a woman to know what her role in life is, and how to handle herself. In many countries, the women had very similarities, and a few differences. Women in Greece, Egypt, Rome, and Israel had a lot of the same struggles and hardships. The women of today are still playing roles as mothers, wives, and child bearers. During the Ancient times otherwise known as Ancient Civilization women were sometimes misunderstood because of the different roles they played. In the global perspective, many cultures are similar, and some have contrast. Women in the countries of Greece, Egypt, Rome, and Israel are a few places that women’s cultures are mentioned and foretold. What were their roles? Who were they? Where did the live? How were they treated? Were they treated fairly, or did they have equal rights like some of the societies do today? And how did their role affect others? Although women did not have freedom back in the 1500’s, some societies still practice the same roles today, as back then. Knowing how they lived their lives shows that some traditional things they did back before the 1500’s are roles that women are still practicing today. â€Å"Throughout most of history women generally have had fewer legal rights and career opportunities than men. Wifehood and motherhood were regarded as women’s most significant professions. In the 20th century, however, women in most nations won the right to vote and increased their educational and job opportunities. Perhaps most important they fought for and to a large degree accomplished a reevaluation of traditional view of their roles in society. †(Women History in America, 1994 p. 1) Women were considered weaker than men, unable to perform work that requires muscular or intellectual development. In most preindustrial societies, the domestic chores were for the women, leaving the heavier labor like hunting and plowing to men. They ignore the fact that caring for children, and doing tasks as milking cows, and washing laundry also required heavy labor. Maternity and child bearing were a natural role that a woman performed; this led to stereotyping that women belonged in the home. Tradition has it that a middle class girl in Western Culture tender to follow in her mother’s footsteps. Cooking, cleaning, and caring for the children were something that was expected when she grew up. The reason for this was as they were growing up their own expectations had been declined because neither their family nor teachers expected them to prepare for a future other than to get married and bear children. â€Å"Throughout history, most societies have held women in an inferior status compared to that of men. Thus situation was often justified as being the natural result of biological differences between the sexes. In many societies, for example people believed women to be naturally more emotional and less decisive than men. Women were also held to be less intelligent and less creative by nature. But research shows that women and men have the same range of emotional, intellectual, and creative characteristics. Many sociologists and anthropologists maintain that various cultures have taught girls to behave according to negative stereotypes (images) of femininity, thus keeping alive the idea that women are naturally inferior. †(Giele, J. Z. 2012) In ancient societies, most women’s lives were centered on their households. In Greek, in a city/state called Athens from 500 to 300 B. C. women raised their children as well as did spinning, weaving, and cooking. The wealthy women did some of the work themselves, although they also supervised the slaves in the tasks. Athenian women seldom left their homes. Every society had a different way of viewing the world; to view one age, through the eyes of another can often lead to misunderstanding. Ancient and modern societies are different in lots of ways but there are four roles that have had impact on the societies. Jobs- The majority of people in the ancient world made their way of living through agriculture. Farming requires ownership, and access to the land, agriculture back then was a necessity for a family business. Jobs for women were limited to work as household servants. Marriage- Marriage was considered the normal state in the ancient world, though Athenian men put it off until age thirty, most everyone else married soon after puberty. A woman that was single might find a job in a temple, or as a household servant. Family- Access to land for farming purposes the dominant occupation was only allowed through the family. Individual and society- Certain cultures enforce the traditions on all the members of their culture. Women in Ancient Israel- In ancient Israel the man was the head of the household and women were considered helpmate, and considered to help out their husband to benefit each other, they wanted to eventually be partnership. As in most of the Ancient World marriage was considered an ideal state. Parent’s arranged the marriage with trying to find a suitable match from the same tribe, and neighboring village. Strict rules prohibited a man from marrying his sister, mother, daughter, or any other ways that he would be tied to his wife in more than just marriage. The bride’s family gave their daughter to the groom’s family, although the bride moved to her husband’s home she still was in close ties with her birth family. Considering that a married couple was an economic partnership if the man became bankrupt and could not afford and pay off his debts then his wife would be sold to slavery as well as him. A wife’s first duty was to give birth and preferably to a son to continue her husband’s name and to take his place in line. Families that were well off it was common for the wife to have her own personal slave. If the wife could not have a child she could give the slave to her husband. If the wife’s husband died without having a son, than the brother of the man or the closest male family member would marry the widow, that way she could still have a chance to have a son and the child would be closely enough related to her dead husband and the child could care his name. Polygyny was accepted in Israel. Women In Ancient Rome- In Rome a young women that married early left her childhood home and the authority of her father, and entered the home of her husband as well as his authority and power. â€Å"In law her status was not very different from that of her husband’s daughter. (Women in the Ancient World Rome, 2012 p. 1) Other than the lower classes women were not allowed to work although they did not want to anyway. They thought of work to be done by the slaves, and the low class people who did not know any better. Women were very demanding in Ancient Rome and getting more freedom. The status of a women in the ancient world are very difficult, and more so in Rome where theory and practice were so far apart. The Roman men placed their marriage, home and the family very high value and this was a difference in society on how women were treated. Most of Athenian men seem to think their wives were best as an inconvenience. In Rome women were never allowed to hold public office or work in the government. Women were not even allowed to make any suggestions though by the beginning of the empire many men were asking their wives for advice, and it was all right to do so provided it was in private, and the husband did not make too much of a deal of it. Although the women had a life outside the home, the respectable women were not supposed to be wandering around alone outside. Women in Ancient Greece- in Greece women were known as largely inferior creatures that were more intelligent than children. Women in Greece had no political rights, she also did not have the civic rights to take part in the communities religious and economic institutions. His wife and children were supposed to do as he said and perform their household duties. â€Å"In reality a Greek wife (or mother or other female relative if the head of the household was not married) actually ran the household on a day-to-day basis. With few exceptions, women spent most of their time in the home, the exact opposite of their menfolk. (Nardo, 2004) In Hellenistic time some of the Greek women were not afraid to stand up to their fathers, and other male authorities. Many Hellenistic women experienced small but significant gains in their rights; most were still excluded from political life however. Greek women in the larger kingdom were allowed to grant and receive loans (Nardo, 2004) Women in Ancient Egypt- in Egypt women are treated better than any other major society of the ancient world. Egyptian women were very fortunate for a few reasons; one Egyptian woman would become Pharaoh under very special circumstances. This being that they were totally equal to men; they could loan and borrow money, sign contracts as well as initiate divorce, and appear in court as a witness. They were also equally responsible for anything that accompanied these rights. Two, love and emotional support they considered important parts of marriage. The Kings especially the ones in the New Kingdom had many wives, although only one carried the title as King’s Great Wife and carried on as Queen. Many Egyptians of both sexes had more than one spouse. The most common title of the house for non-royal women was known as the mistress of the house. As in some of the other societies the men were known as being the head of the household. Egyptian women were responsible for their nurturing of the young children, but they could also work at a trade, own and operate a business, inherit property, and come out well in divorce proceedings. (Jones, 2010) Females were allowed to be religious leaders in the priesthood, though they were not equal to men. Women had been trained in medicine and other highly skilled jobs. In ancient Egypt women were allowed to buy jewelry, and other fine goods, some women that worked even became rich. The status of a woman in ancient Egypt was so important that a women was entitled to the crown that was passed through the royal women and not the men â€Å"When the Greeks conquered Egypt in 332 B. C. E. , Egyptian women was allowed more rights and privileges than Greek women, who were forced to live under the less equal Greek system. † (Tyldesley, 2012) Women were sometimes misunderstood, and while there were similarities, and differences in the societies the majority of the societies had a lot of the same similarities where women were to be homemakers, bear children, obeyed her husband. In some of the societies women had little or no rights which included political and religious. Women did not have much freedom, and they were to be seen and not spoken. There are lots of aspects to a woman of an ancient society not discussed here some which center on her ability to see the chance for use of power and utilize it to her fullest capabilities, although the medieval women were very similar to women of today, watching out for her families best interest and working to voice her opinion in society.

Brief History Of Japanese Cinema Film

Brief History Of Japanese Cinema Film For the basis of my essay I shall try and delve into how Japanese cinema reflects and challenges the culture of the country, I will also look into several films and analyse them to show what connection they have with the cultural aspect of japan as a nation and also provide a brief history of Japanese cinema. The issues I will look at will involve the Hiroshima bombings and the effects of nuclear warfare as mentioned above and the relevance to Godzilla, as well as the cultural aspects of seven Samurai and how it reflects Japanese mentality in terms of lifestyle and also looking at the huge emphasis that martial arts plays in there cinema which sometimes may form a stereo type for Japanese people. Film makers I will look at will include Akira kurosawa and the creator of Dragon ball Z Akira Toriyama and Maseki Kobayahi. In terms of observations I will focus on mainly the culture which includes clothing/ mentality of the Japanese people and lifestyle. I will also look at the original Ja panese film, The Ringu which inspired the 2002 film The Ring and talk about how it acted as almost a renaissance for Japanese horror films, ultimately finishing with a conclusion on my thoughts about my findings and give my opinion on how culture is reflected. Japanese cinema dates back over a hundred years and is the fourth largest in terms of yearly films produced in the world. The arrival of the Lumià ¨re brothers cinematograph in 1897 marked the true beginning of cinema in Japan. The first moving-picture camera imported into the country was a Gaumont camera that was used on a few instances to film fashionable geishas in the traditional restaurants of Shimbashi, which received the approval of the Japanese audiences. The film made from these shots of the geishas is considered to be the first film made for entertainment in Japan. In 1899, a photographic engineer named Tsunekichi Shibata made what is thought to be the first Japanese cinematographic production, a film of purely theatrical content that showed a kabuki play named Maple Viewing or Momijigari. In 1908, ShÃ…Â zÃ…Â  Makino, considered the pioneer director of Japanese cinema, started his influential career with HonnÃ…Â ji gassen, produced for Yokota ShÃ…Â kai. ShÃ…Â zÃ…Â  then cast Matsunosuke Onoe, a former kabuki actor, to star in his work. Onoe became Japans first real film star, appearing in over a thousand films, most of them were shorts, between 1909 and 1926. The pair pioneered the jidaigeki genre. Tokihiko Okada was a popular romantic lead of the same era. Likewise the he first female Japanese performer to appear in a film professionally was the dancer/actress Tokuko Nagai Takagi, who appeared in four shorts for the American-based Thanhouser Company between 1911 and 1914. In the 1950s which is considered the Golden Age of Japanese cinema. Three Japanese films from this decade (Rashomon, Seven Samurai and Tokyo Story) made the list of Sight Sounds 2002 Critics and Directors Poll for the best films of all time. This led to a rise in diversity in movie distribution thanks to the increased amount of films produced and popularity of the film studios of Toho, Daiei, Shochiku, Nikkatsu, and Toei.It started with Akira Kurosawas Rashomon (1950), which won the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film and the Golden Lion at the Venice Film Festival Which firmly put Japanese cinema on the map globally. It was also the breakout role for legendary Japanese star Toshiro Mifune The first Japanese film in color was Carmen Comes Home directed by Ke isuke Kinoshita and released in 1951. There was also a black-and-white version of this film available. Gate of Hell, a 1953 film by Teinosuke Kinugasa, was the first movie that filmed using the Eastman color film, Gate of Hell was both Daieis first color film and the first Japanese color movie to be released outside of Japan internationally, receiving an Oscar in 1954 for Best Costume Design by Sanzo Wada and an Honorary Award for Best Foreign Language Film. It also won the Palme dOr at the Cannes Film Festival, the first Japanese film to achieve that honour. Also that year of 1954 saw arguably the two of Japans most influential films released. The first was the Kurosawa Seven Samurai, about a group of hired samurai who protect a helpless village from a dangerous gang of thieves. The same year, IshirÃ…Â  Honda released the anti-nuclear horror film Gojira, which was translated in the English as Godzilla. Though it was severely edited for its Western release, Godzilla became an international icon of Japan and spawned an entire new genre in Japanses film known as Kaiju films which were basically monster movies. The 1980s saw the decline of many of the massive Japanese film studios and their associated cinemas, with major studios Toho responsible for Godzilla and Toei barely managing to be stable in business, Shochiku supported almost solely by the Otoko wa tsurai films, and Nikkatsu declining even further. Because of economic recessions, the number of movie theatres in Japan had been steadily declining ever since the 1960s. The 1990s saw the reversal of this trend and the introduction of the Multiplex in Japan. In the 2000s the number of movies being shown in Japan steadily started to increase, with about 821 films released in 2006. Movies based on Japanese television series were especially popular during this period. Anime films now accounted for 60 percent of Japanese film production. The 1990s and 2000s are considered to be Japanese Cinemas Second Golden Age, due to the immense popularity of anime, both within Japan and overseas. In anime, Hayao Miyazaki directed Spirited Away in 2001, b reaking Japanese box office records and winning several awards, followed by Howls Moving Castle and Ponyo in 2004 and 2008. Japanese films have been given several genres within them with Jidaigeki being historic pieces of work that are set during the Edo period (1603-1868) or earlier. Jidaigeki, which is covers films like seven samurai and the term meaning the sound of swords clashing, Horror films such as Ring Kaiju films which mentioned above are monster films which were stemmed mainly from the birth of Godzilla. Pink films which are soft core pornographic films. Yakuz, movies about the Yakuza mobsters, Gendaigeki which is the opposite of Jidaigeki are films set in the present day with contemporary themes. Shomingeki are realistic films about common working people and lifestyles. Anime which is Japanese animation and has become a massive boon in the Japanese film industry accounting for almost as much as 60% of productions and then Mecha Science fiction and Cyberpunk. Godzilla (1954) Moving on to the core of my essay the film I picked out and arguably being one of Japanese cinemas most important globally successful and iconic films, Godzilla.Initially appearing in IshirÃ…Â  Hondas 1954 monster film Godzilla, ever since then, Godzilla has then gone on to become a international pop culture icon appearing in 28 films produced by Toho Co Ltd. The monster has appeared in other numerous other mediums including video games, novels, comic books, and an American animated television series. A 1998 American remake was produced titled Godzilla but received mixed reviews and showed a different version to that of its Japanese roots and a second American version is currently in development at legendary pictures a warner bros that will be directed by Gareth Edwards after they acquired the rights from Toho with it promising to return to his original Japanese roots, with the producers behind it describing Godzilla as being a force of nature. Originally Godzilla was created after the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki and the Daigo FukuryÃ…Â « Maru incident still fresh in the minds of the Japanese people, He was portrayed as a monster created by nuclear mutation by the detonations of nuclear warfare and is supposed to be a metaphor for nuclear weapons in general. As the film series expanded and got bigger and bigger, the latter stories took on less serious undertones and began being more mainstream by portraying Godzilla as a hero while other plots still had him as a destructive creature. Baring in mind Godzillas nuclear origin, his abilities were stemmed as visual representations of the bombing by having atomic breath and a nuclear aura. By somewhat embodying the kaiju genre he has been viewed as a visual film graphic representation for the United States by giving the Japanese audience a very negative perception of America in general as well as an allegory of nuclear weapons in general. The earlier Godzilla fi lms, especially the original, showed Godzilla as a terrifying monster born of nuclear origin. Godzilla represented the fear that Japan as a nation had about the horrible nuclear attacks on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, and always counting the possibility of any recurrence. As the series progressed it also changed Godzilla into a less destructive and more heroic character as the films started to become aimed towards younger audiences. Godzilla remains one of the most recognisable fictional heroes in the history of film, and is also the second of only three fictional characters to have won the MTV Lifetime Achievement Award, which was awarded in 1996. It is clear the cultural reflection Godzilla has with Japan as a nation due to the bombing also portraying America in a negative vein. The idea of the atomic bomb was reflected in the second Godzilla movie. Gigantis, the Fire Monster. In the movie Godzilla fights for Japan against Angilas, who was also mutated by an atomic explosion. In Godzil la vs King Ghidorah, Ghidora starts out as a bat, but turns into a monster after exposure to an atom bomb test. Here it is not the idea of lizards and bats fighting but looking deeper it raises the issue of atomic bomb testing in a farcical manner. However, Godzillas status as a symbol for Japans collective fears carried on the next 40 years, Godzilla was used to symbolize other concerns as well being not only used to symbolise the atomic bomb but also the cold war. Godzilla also had a way of destroying symbols of the Japanese political establishment, including the national parliament. This can be seen in the 1992 release of Godzilla vs. Mothra. Here, the larva of the giant moth, Mothra, spins a cocoon around the countrys parliament building. Mothra was a comical insect created to do what Japan could never achieve single-handedly: stop a one party government that frustrated the nation. The aspect of women restoring the natural balance is seen again in Godzilla vs. The Thing released in the U.S. as Godzilla vs. Mothra. After a violent storm, an enormous egg is found floating in the ocean. It actually contains Mothras offspring. An entrepreneur decides to buy it and make it a tourist attraction by building a glass case around it. Metaphorically this man is Westernized in his hope to control and contain nature rather than live in harmony with it. So, a women reporter, two tiny women who are in a symbiotic and telepathic relationship with Mothra, and Mothra, herself, attempt to rescue the egg. This represents their attempt to restore the natural balance. Unfortunately, Godzilla also threatens the wellbeing of the egg and Mothra dies attempting to defend it. Eventually, though, two larvae hatch from the egg and envelope Godzilla in a chrysalis. He falls back into the water from which he came. Again, it is the women whether of the human or moth species who struggle and sacrifice themselves to resolve the films crises in favor of balance and harmony. The constant dep iction of an antagonist being a symbolic reference to the western shows that the nation of japan is united to a common threat outside their own walls showing external struggles so basically suggesting that they as a nation they stand together and dont show the internal struggles again referring back to the bombing. Foreign nations often wonder what the appeal of a giant latex dinosaur could possibly be, but I think the answer is simple, Godzilla is, after all, the overall opposite to the typical Japanese stereotype. Aggressive and monstrous in a country where people tend to be graceful and polite and honourable. He is spontaneous in a place that values the impassive, studied response. He is confrontational where conciliation is considered proper behaviour. He is, in essence, a nuclear bomb in a country that is emphatically opposed to nuclear weapons in effect challenging the countries culture. From looking at the hospital scenes after Godzilla destroys Tokyo, you get an accurate vie w to what it may have been for the unfortunate survivors of the Hiroshima blast. This was the first and only occasion in a kaiju film, the distress and suffering of innocent citizens is shown, with piles of dead bodies in hospitals that were seen. As Gojira is a hauntingly representation to the bombing of Hiroshima, Gojira no Gyakushu made in 1955 was a representation and reminder to the bombing of Nagasaki. Seven Samurai Seven Samurai was a 1954 Japanese adventure/drama film directed by Akira Kurosawa, the film is set in 1587 during the warring states period of Japan. The story revolves around a village of farmers that recruits seven master less samurai to fight against bandits who aim to steal the crops after the farms harvest. The film is looked back upon by many critics as one of the greatest and influential films of all time ever made and one of the films aswell as Godzilla which is widely known in the west and was subjected to critical acclaim voted in the list of greatest films of all time. Seven samurai has also inspired the 1960 film Magnificent seven in the west where the Samurai are replaced with gunslingers. The film also reflected Japanese agriculture with the emphasis being on a farm and crops acting almost like a metaphoric currency. It reflected the warrior culture of the nation incredibly well but in somewhat almost creates a stereotype of Japanese people. Akira Kurosawa Kurosawa was a Japanese film director/producer/screen writer and is considered by many as one of the most influential people in not only Japanese cinema but worldwide. He made his debut in Japanese film in 1936 and made his directorial debut in 1943 with Shansiro sugata. Kurosawa also left his mark on American cinema by influencing George Lucass epic science fiction Star wars from Akiras own Hidden fortress. If American film in full of action, European film has character, leaving the Japanese film rich in mood and atmosphere as Kurosawas work showed. It presented characters in nature, it raised issues like the universal topic in relation to basic humanity. However, how the story is told and the way it is viewed brand its identity to the worldwide stage. Traditional theatre Kabuki. It is a form of traditional Maseki Kobayahi The film Harakiri directed by Masaki Kobayahi in (1962) was a film made about throwing thousands of Samurai out of work and into poverty. This film took the form of militaristic power and they pose the same moral conflict in terms of the struggle of the individual against society. Japanese director Masaki Kobayashi came of age in the postwar moment, a time when filmmakers were at the frontline of dissident expression in japan. Drawing upon a rich history of protest in Japanese cinema, which had fallen dormant during the war and occupation years, filmmakers took the opportunity to challenge those institutions that remained wedded to the nations feudal past. Out of all the director in Japan Masaki Kobayashi was know to be the most passionate directors of them all and his films were marked by a insolence of tradition and authority, whether feudal or contemporary. Kobayashi found the present time to be no more different to the violation of personal freedoms than they did in the pre-meiji past, under official feudalism, had been. Kobayashi often showed his political disagreement when filming jidai-geki films, In which the historical past becomes a substitute for modern japan. When filming jidai-geki films Kobayashi exposed the historical roots of contemporary injustice. Most Japanese audiences were well schooled in history so this allowed them to connect the critique of the past with abuses in the present. The film Harakiri that was made in 1962 highlighted this. Japanese theatre, known for the stylization of its drama and for the elaborate makeup worn by some of its performers, like the Gieshas. This was all present in Kurosawas work especially Seven Samurai. Japanese society in film Japanese society and its culture is also a core of what cinema in the country portray or want to portray, Tokyo story is a brilliant example. It tells the story of an aging couple who travel to Tokyo to visit their grown children. The film contrasts the behaviour of their children, who are too busy to pay them much attention, and their widowed daughter-in-law, who manages to host them properly. It is often regarded as Ozus masterpiece. It tells a realistic grounded. It reflected on the culture by showing day to day Japanese family life. Memoirs from a Giesha gives us an inside into the perspective female lifestyle of a Geisha, They are a Japanese entertainer often wearing the historic kimono dress which is almost like a visual representation of a common mans image of a common Japanese woman. It reflected culture of the feminine side and how it showed women were considered not to have any skills and that it was just there looks which could be used for entertainment. Gieshas are also sometimes referred to as prostitutes due to them having the entertainer tag for the fact of not having it label them vulgar and obscene and censorship issues in Japanese cinema. Anime has also been a huge part of recent Japanese cinema, often portraying culture and history. Conclusion Concluding my essay I feel that I have given examples of instances where the culture is reflected and where the culture is challenged, Godzilla provided a visual symbolic representation of the mind set of japan during the bombing, along with addressing issues with Japanese parliament as seen in a later instalment of Godzilla and also the countries mentality as united against a common threat in this case being the western. Referring to how I think it challenges the culture in a negative sense is Another issue is the constant depiction of martial arts often in Anime and in live action Japanese cinema, which is commonly exported to western territories due to their action-packed content, and so gives an unrealistic view of Japanese culture and creates a racial stereotype. . From looking at the film Memoirs of a Geisha and where she is sold shows an example of people trafficking which can create a negative perception of Japanese culture, this in my opinion challenges the culture. From thi s research and evidence I have found out that the cinema of japan does indeed http://www.gojapango.com/culture/culture.html 10 Essential Japanese  Films http://filmstudiesforfree.blogspot.co.uk/2010/07/on-japanese- cinema.html

Tuesday, August 20, 2019

Essay --

You do know that milk comes from cows, goats, and other mammals. Though do you ever wonder what it goes through, before you buy it at a supermarket. Milk is used in so many ways. What it contains will amaze you. People have figured out how to contain it so it last much longer. The real amazing thing about any word you say like milk people think they know everything about it there is to know, but they have no clue. There is a history behind every word we use today, people don't look close enough. Since the 1800’s milk has been redefined. During the 1800’s people went on with their daily lives drinking milk believing they knew where it came from. Farmers believed that if you named your cows instead of giving them numbers they would produce much better. People got their milk from a farmer that owned cows. They would bring the cow door to door asking the customer if they wanted to buy it. If these people wanted milk they would come outside with a bucket or bottle to fill it up. Since the farmer had to milk from the side , cause they thought it was safer. They kept the cow clean and well taken care of , the people watched the farmer milk it. The farmers thought if the customers saw a ugly, dragging looking cow they would not buy the milk, cause the customer thought the milk would taste bad. Though in the city this was mostly impossible for the farmer. There was a middle man who would go around the city with a cart to sell milk to people. what the farmer and the customer did not know is that these peopl e were greedy. They sold the milk to the customer for a higher price for a profit. Middle men would also put half of the milk with half water. Though people actually knew where they got their milk from, th... ...teurizing milk, people invent a box. That would allow you to keep it out in the opening and you did not have to be refrigerated. Up until the world war 2 milk was pasteurized, and it was good milk people loved and enjoyed. All lot of farmers believed that this wasn't right to do and it was unfair. So like some farmers kenneth Peak of Claracok Dairy in California would refuse to have their milk pasteurized. Though others new that if they didn't put a stop to raw milk it would harm people and their kids. Straus decided since some people could not afford pasteurized milk he would set up stations. The end of the century came pretty quick and by then he had 12 stations set up N.Y. to pasteurize milk. At the time people used to let water flow by tanks of milk just to keep it cold. Around 1985 people tested pasteurizing but it failed and 5,770 people paid for it.

Monday, August 19, 2019

Emotional Release: Benefits of Art Therapy  Essay -- Art Therapy

Title Emotional Release: Benefits of Art Therapy A 6-year-old girl sits next to her therapist, with signs of anxiety upon her face. Pieces of paper, pencil and some markers are placed in front of the girl. She is hesitant to speak out, but these colors do help release some of the tension in the air. She begins to draw and paint, in a matter of fifteen minutes she finishes with a sequence of fourteen pictures: â€Å"A little girl pig is attacked by a man who wax her with a big stick and hits her in the face with a stone, although she has done nothing wrong to him. So the police come and take the man away in their car, under a blanket, and the little pig is taken to hospital by ambulance, â€Å"real bad hurt†. It’s a very long way. In hospital, she is put a stretcher, also under a blanket, and taken for an x-ray. She’s â€Å"real worried† about it and her mother doesn’t know she’s been hurt. In the x-ray picture, sticks and big lumps of stone can be seen inside the pig, where the man has wounded her. The little pig is so ill, she looks sick and her face is still damaged, she might die†¦ she is going to get better? She’s a bit better†¦ just a bad eye†¦ now she’s really better, wearing a pretty dress, decorated with a red heart. The End† (Murphy 1). Estimates predict more than 3.3 million children experience verbal or spousal abuse each year, (Osofsky 3) but not all can tell such complete or symbolic stories; what many choose to do with art materials is make a tremendous mess. Through just this story, many significant themes for the abused child can be reflected: the experience of physical damage, the trepidation of dying, feelings of isolation, the absence of the mother, the sense of injustice, the longing to feel whole an... ...02).  Ã‚  Creativity  in art therapy: Prime mover or silent partner.  Ph.D. dissertation, The Florida State University, United States -- Florida. Web. 15 Nov. 2010.   Malchiodi, Cathy A. (2006). The art therapy sourcebook. McGraw-Hill Professional. Web. 3 Dec. 2010. Murphy, By Jenny. (2001). Art therapy with young survivors of sexual abuse: lost for words.  Psychology  Press.Web.14 Dec. 2010.   Osofsky, J.  The Impact of Violence on Children.  The Future of Children: Domestic Violence and Children  (1999) 9(3):33-49. Web. 12 Dec. 2010. Specht, Sanne.  (30  July). A Picture Is Worth: The stories behind the art therapy pieces on display as compelling as those of the young artists.  McClatchy-Tribune Business News. Web.15 Nov. 2010. Wolff, Rudi. (2007,  May). Engaging art.  Behavioral Healthcare,  27(5),  34-5.  Web. 20 Nov. 2010.                                            

Sunday, August 18, 2019

Computer Viruses :: essays research papers

Computer Viruses A virus is a program that copies itself without the knowledge of the computer user. Typically, a virus spreads from one computer to another by adding itself to an existing piece of executable code so that it is executed when its host code is run. If a virus if found, you shouldn't panic or be in a hurry, and you should work systematically. Don't rush! A Viruse may be classified by it's method of concealment (hiding). Some are called stealth viruses because of the way that they hide themselves, and some polymorphic because of the way they change themselves to avoid scanners from detecting them. The most common classification relates to the sort of executable code which the virus attaches itself to. These are:  ¨ Partition Viruses  ¨ Boot Viruses  ¨ File Viruses  ¨ Overwriting Viruses As well as replicating, a virus may carry a Damage routine. There is also a set of programs that are related to viruses by virtue of their intentions, appearances, or users likely reactions. For example:  ¨ Droppers  ¨ Failed viruses  ¨ Packagers  ¨ Trojans  ¨ Jokes  ¨ Test files THE DAMAGE ROUTINE Damage is defined as something that you would prefer not to have happened. It is measured by the amount of time it takes to reverse the damage. Trivial damage happens when all you have to do is get rid of the virus. There may be some audio or visual effect; often there is no effect at all. Minor damage occurs when you have to replace some or all of your executable files from clean backups, or by re-installing. Remember to run FindVirus again afterwards. Moderate damage is done when a virus trashes the hard disk, scrambles the FAT, or low-level formats the drive. This is recoverable from your last backup. If you take backups every day you lose, on average, half a day's work. Major damage is done by a virus that gradually corrupts data files, so that you are unaware of what is happening. When you discover the problem, these corrupted files are also backed up, and you might have to restore a very old backup to get valid data. Severe damage is done by a virus that gradually corrupts data files, but you cannot see the corruption (there is no simple way of knowing whether the data is good or bad). And, of course, your backups have the same problem. Unlimited damage is done by a virus that gives a third party access to your network, by stealing the supervisor password. The damage is then done by the third party, who has control of the network.

Saturday, August 17, 2019

Parenting the Father

What are the qualities that show a good parent? To be a good parent you must be loving, considerate, and responsible, you have to pay attention to your child’s need. Unfortunately John Purcell from â€Å"The Father† by Hugh Garner shows none of these qualities. Mr. Purcell is neglective, shameless and proud. One trait that clearly shows John is an unsatisfactory father is that he is neglective. This trait describes Mr. Purcell very accurately. An example of how John is neglective is when he had a meeting with the principal at Johnny’s school, regarding his grades. John had agreed to keep Johnny back a grade just so the meeting would end sooner â€Å"When the teacher had suggested keeping the boy in the same grade for a second year, he had acquiesced willingly, wanting only to get away from the place. † page 43. Another example of Johns neglect is how he does not even know what position his own son played or which team he played for â€Å"He realized that he didn’t even know what position his own son played, or even the name of the team. † page 46. Lastly when Johnny was talking about his friends and their fathers, John had no clue who he was talking about because he pays no attention to his children what so ever, nor does he play a role in either of his children’s lives â€Å"He didn’t know on boy or girl who came to the house from another. † page 48. These are three of many examples that show Mr. Purcell is a neglective father. In addition to be neglective John Purcell is also shameless. In almost every event throughout Johnny’s life that involved both father and son, John would always bring shame upon Johnny and himself. In the story on page 1 it says â€Å"†¦ a strange shame and embarrassment coloured every event that brought them into contact. † A second example that shows how John is shameless is when he was talking to the curate and scout master about the entry fee for the Boy Scout Meeting â€Å"Three Dollars! Why I could’ve taken Jonny to a burlesque show for less than that. † He felt no shame at all after making the remark. The final example I have that shows Mr. Purcell is shameless is when he was outside the church drinking with a man he had just known for less than an hour or so. They had three good drinks apiece before Murdoch said, ‘Maybe we’d better go back inside. If we don’t get in there soon that kid of mine will tell his mother for sure. ’† This shows John felt no shame because even though he was with his son at a very important meeting, with the Johnny’s friends and their parents there, he was outside drinking paying no regard towards the circumstances. Also if it wasn’t for Charley Murdoch suggesting that they should go back inside, John would’ve just sat outside drinking the whole night. If you don’t call a man like that shameless then I wouldn’t know what you’d call him.

Friday, August 16, 2019

The Importance And Advantages Of Oleochemical Industry Environmental Sciences Essay

Oleochemicals which is the chemical merchandise that infusion from works or carnal oil. The formation of oleochemical are from fatty acids, fatty intoxicant, methyl esters and glycerol. In Malaysia, oleochemical started from early 1980 ‘s. The Malayan Oleochemical Manufactures Group ( MOMG ) was established in January 1984 when the industry attracted more manufacturer. MOMG uses the renewable natural natural stuff such as palm oil, coconut oil and thenar meats oil which are environment friendly. Due to the planetary heating and depleting of fossil fuel, biodiesel will be the following great potency as a cost-efficient feedback for fossil fuel. Palm oil or other vegetable oil can be used to make biodiesel for internal burning engines. After assorted with petro Diesel, biodiesel can utilize in any diesel engine. Normally vehicle industry limit their recommendation to 15 % biodiesel blended with petro Diesel. In Europe, biodiesel is most common. R & A ; D have research that biodiesel is more clean energy than fossil fuel, it release less C dioxide, C monoxide and sulfur dioxide after burning. Not merely that, biodiesel is more economical as biodiesel can be use straight without altering or modified the vehicle engine.The importance and advantages of Oleochemical Industry ( Biodiesel ) in our SocietyThe oleochemical industry that bring forthing biodiesel have unpredictable net income potency since the dodo fuel beginnings are consuming over the old ages and this will do the use of biodiesel additions. Biodiesel is mixable with crude oil based Diesel and this provides several advantages. For illustration, biodiesel can be obtained from a renewable and widespread handiness of feedstock. Furthermore, biodiesel has the same energy degree for per gallon like petroleum-based Diesel The biodiesel is produced from workss and other organic natural stuffs and the procedures of bring forthing biodiesel are harmless to the Earth compared to boring for oil which caused immense amendss to the Earth. Since we able to bring forth biodiesel and being used in domestic, there are no international complications will be involved. This will assist beef up our national security. Besides that, it can forestall the planetary state of affairs to impact the monetary value of biodiesel. The chief ground of oleochemical industry can be so successful is because of the alternate biofuel such as biodiesel is a C impersonal one which means it does n't non breathe any C gases in the signifier of C dioxide. As we know C dioxide is the chief part to the nursery gas emanations. Besides that, biodiesel is biodegradable and less toxic than fossil fuel. Due to the lubricating consequence by the biodiesel, the Diesel engine ‘s life-time is last longer and it is more efficiency. Therefore, biodiesel becomes one of the most of import alternate fuel for burning in Diesel engines.The Supply & A ; Demand of BiodieselDue to the worsening of fossil fuels around the universe, assorted authoritiess all over the universe have passed policies to assist in the production and phasing-in of bio-fuels to cut down the ingestion of fossil fuel. For illustration, the United States of America had passed a Renewable Fuel Standard ( RFS ) in 2010 for the production of 650 million gallons of bi odiesel in 2010, while in Brazil, all gasolene requires around 20-25 % of ethyl alcohol blended into them and since Jan. 1 2010, Brazil had begun a B-5 authorization which requires the phasing in of 5 % biodiesel into fossil fuels. In add-on, due to the EU ‘s ( European Union ) determined policies, biofuel ingestion is set to increase aggressively. Previously, the EU had set a end for all their member states to accomplish a minimal mark of 5.75 % biofuel production by the twelvemonth 2010, which was estimated to be around 14 million metric tons, and later increase the sum to 10 % biofuel production by the twelvemonth 2020. South East Asiatic states like Indonesia and the Philippines have besides set a B2.5 authorization which requires the phasing in of 2.5 % biodiesel into fossil fuel Diesels in their internal market. Malaysia has besides implemented a B5 authorization which requires all diesel fuels sold in the state to phase-in 5 % of biodiesel. Therefore, with many states back uping the construct of bring forthing biofuels and the increasing world-wide demand, it shows that puting into the field of the production of biodiesel would be really profitable in the long tally. Costss of bring forthing biodiesel are dependent on the feedstock being used, the biodiesel works design and size, and the manner the works is being operated. Basically, soybean oil and thenar oil are the most normally used feedstock being used in the oleo chemical industry due to their widespread handiness and lowest priced for most of the clip. Although algae are one of the feedstock which can hold a high output of biodiesel, palm oil is still preferred over algae due the high capital of algae. Besides that, states like Indonesia and Malaysia, which in 2012 had recorded approximately 18,500,000 metric dozenss of palm oil produced, will turn out to be worthwhile states to put in for the production of biodiesel due to the fact that there are ample stuffs to bring forth biodiesel. Furthermore, with the deficiency of providers bring forthing biodiesel in the part ( South East Asia ) , to put in this field in the part would turn out to be worth the attempt.Procesess for synthesis of biodiesel from thenarThere are two chief procedure for synthesis of biodiesel from palmi?s Palm Oil Extraction from thenar Mechanical Extraction Solvent Extraction Traditional Method Of Palm Kernel Extraction There are 8 chief procedures for the palm oil extraction, those are bunch response, and weighing, clump quartering, bunch sterilisation, clump threshing/ denudation, oil thenar fruit digestion, palm oil pressure, palm oil elucidation, palm oil drying and palm oil storage ( Figure 6.1 ) . The extraction of palm oil can be done by three methods: a. ) Mechanical Extraction, B. ) Solvent extraction and c. ) Traditional method of palm meats extraction. 2. Trans-esterification Trans-esterification besides known as alcoholysis. It is a chemical procedure that decrease the viscousness of palm oil and bring forth biodiesel by displace intoxicant from an ester utilizing another intoxicant. This chemical procedure contains three subsequent reversible reactions: I. ) Chemical reaction between triglycerides of palm oil and intoxicant to bring forth diglycerides and ester, two. ) Chemical reaction between diglycerides and intoxicant to bring forth monoglycerides and ester, three. ) Chemical reaction between monoglycerides and intoxicant to bring forth glycerin and ester ( general equation in Figure 6.2 ) . Transesterification can either be performed by the nowadays of accelerator ( catalytic procedure ) or without the nowadays of accelerator ( non-catalytic procedure ) ( Figure 6.3 ) . During the synthesis of biodiesel, there are some safeguard stairss need to be taken to guarantee the whole procedure can be done in safe status. One of the safeguard measure is ever do certain that the armored combat vehicles used in treating biodiesel are in good status. Besides that, do certain that all the electrical powered are non over heated, over-pressurized and improperly installed. Use an detonation cogent evidence motor to avoid from go forthing the motor and prosecute the professionals to put in and keep the pump.The Impact on the EnvironmentThe procedure of deducing oleochemical can be divided into Fat Splitting, Distillation, Fractionation by Crystallization, Fractionation by Distillation, Hydrogenation and Ion Exchange. All the stated procedure might hold some impacts on the environment, such as: A power works will be needed to provide a big sum of energy to the oleochemical industry. In order to put in a power works in the mill, infinite and fuel are indispensable. However, fossil fuel is non environment friendly because it will bring forth toxic gases such as CO and SO3, which could do air pollution. Besides, nursery gases such as CO2, O3, H2O bluess, and CH4, released from the power works, farther contribute to greenhouse effects. Natural stuffs are limited. Human may endure from nutrient lack due to inordinate use of animate beings and workss fats as natural stuff for oleochemical industry. ‘Animal fats, being a side watercourse from the meat production, have a limited handiness ‘ , said European Oleochemicals & A ; Allied Products Group. ‘Animal fats cover more than 50 % of the natural stuff demands in the European Oleochemical Industry ‘ . The procedures of deducing oleochemicals such as ( splitting, refinement, neutralisation and distillment ) will bring forth heat energy. Since H2O has a really high particular heat capacity, it will be used in chilling system. In the chilling system, heat energy will be transfer to the H2O, which increases the temperature of H2O. If we discard the hot H2O into river, the temperature will subsequently interrupt the temperature of the river H2O. Even though it could be a really little alteration of temperature, but it may do decease to the aquatic lives due to inadequate temperature which affects the activity of enzymes. There is no cogent evidence that neither natural stuffs nor merchandises are safe to human, animate beings and workss even though it ‘s derived from workss or animate beings beginnings. Therefore, all the natural stuffs and merchandises must be handled with attention by comparative field experts. ‘The handling, storage, and transit of these stuffs should to be managed decently to avoid or minimise the potency for environmental impacts ‘ . Pollutant, toxic and nursery gases will do pollution and nursery consequence if we release it straight into atmosphere. Being of So3 and other toxic gases in ambiance can do respiratory jobs on worlds and animate beings. If the waste merchandises of fat dividing procedure such as lipoids, acids and bases were discarded to land, it will do dirt pollution. Plants will be unable to turn and this farther destroys the home ground of the animate beings. When the mill is runing, machines and runing systems will bring forth noise and disturb nearby abode. A suited and scheme location which located far off from town and abode country can be used to put the mill. A accelerator such as Pt or Ni may be required to rush up the rate of reaction. These accelerators are expensive and need to be recycled so that we can cut down the costs and besides save the environment. The merchandises might dwell of new and unknown chemicals. To uncover the toxicity or other side effects, carnal testing or carnal test can be conducted. This is an inhumane pattern, which may impact the ecosystem if the toxic is spread among the vegetations and zoologies. The worst unmanageable instance is that the chemicals cause malignant neoplastic disease or mutant inside the carnal organic structure and spread among each other. Therefore, the pattern of carnal testing must be carried out in a little graduated table, and the figure of animate being used for proving should be every bit least as possible. Besides, the animate beings must be quarantined and separated from the others, as this could farther minimise biological pollution.Future Potential of the Oleochemical IndustryOleochemical industry is one of the fastest growing industry for biofuels. In the following few old ages, merchandises produced by oleochemical industry are expected to replace those from petrochemicals. Mo st of the oleochemical industry are based on thenar and palm meat oils, so other new natural stuff beginnings are hoped to be found out to replace them, which are cheaper and easy to be obtained. To protect the female parent Earth, costs of production should non be the first consideration while the environmental impact of a chemical to the user and environment is anticipated to be more of import. Environmental issues such as biodegradation, non-toxicity and life rhythm analysis are the chief consideration that will be used in the hereafter to find whether a chemical should be commercially produced or non. Biotechnology aslo every bit known as biotransformation procedure is used to bring forth basic oleochemicals and intermediate merchandises that based on chemical procedures. This will be the future engineering and will be used to bring forth functionality oleochemicals.DecisionThe universe is confronting the depleting of fossil fuels, so the demand of oleochmical merchandises will go on transcend the supply. Oleochemical plays a really of import function in supplying an alternate to replace the dodo fuels because the merchandises of oleochemical are environmental friendly. However, mass feats of this industry will still harm the environment to a certain extent. Hence, safeguard steps must be taken and careful deliberation over the issues that will go on before it creates a job to our society.Mention1 ) Jibrail B Kansedo, University Sains Malaysia, Synthesis Of Biodiesel From Palm Oil And Sea Mango Oil Using Sulfated Zirconia Catalyst. Available from: & lt ; hypertext transfer protoco l: //eprints.usm.my/15765/1/SYNTHESIS_OF_BIODIESEL_FROM_PALM_OIL_AND_SEA_MANGO_OIL_USING_SULFATED_ZIRCONIA_CATALYST.pdf & gt ; [ July 2009 ] 2 ) Siti Fatimah Arifin, University Malaysia Pahang, Faculty Of Chemical And Natural Resources Engineering, Production Of Biodiesel From Waste Cooking Oil And RBD Palm Oil Using Batch Transesterification Process. Available from: & lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //umpir.ump.edu.my/861/1/Siti_Fatimah_Arifin.pdf & gt ; [ May 2009 ] 3 ) Rhonda Day, eHow, Safety and Hazard Precautions In Biodiesel Production. Available from: & lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ehow.com/list_6793134_safety-hazard-precautions-biodiesel-production.htm & gt ; 4 ) FAO Corporate Document Repository, Palm Oil Processing. Available from: & lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.fao.org/docrep/005/Y4355E/y4355e04.htm & gt ; 5 ) FAO Corporative Document Repository, Palm Kernel Oil Extraction. Available from: & lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.fao.org/docrep/005/Y4355E/y4355e06.htm # TopOfPage & gt ;6 ) Centre for Transportation Analysis, Global Supply and DemandA of Biofuels, Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Available from: & lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //cta.ornl.gov/TRBenergy/trb_documents/2011 % 20presentations/Duffield % 20Global % 20Supply % 20and % 20Demand % 20- % 20Session % 20319.pdf & gt ; [ January 2011 ]7 ) Future Potential of Oleochemical Industry. Available from: & lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //palmoilis.mpob.gov.my/Vtour/gallery_html/g9_3.htm & gt ;8 ) Malaysia Palm Oil Production by Year, 1964-2012. Available from: & lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.indexmundi.com/agriculture/ ? country=my & A ; commodity=palm-oil & A ; graph=production-growth-rate & gt ;9 ) ASEAN Oleochemical Manufacturers Group, Country Section Malaysia. Available from: & lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.aomg.org.my/index.php? option=com_content & A ; task=view & A ; id=15 & A ; Itemid=32 & gt ; 10 ) ClimateAvene, the Use of Plam Oil as Biofule and Biodiesel. Available from: & lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.climateavenue.com/en.biodiesel.palm.oil.htm & gt ;11 ) ClimateAvene, Sustainable Palm Oil Cultivation and Climate Change. Available from:& lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.climateavenue.com/en.biod.climate.index.htm & gt ; 12 ) Wolfgang Rupilius and Salmiah Ahmad, The Changing World of Oleochemicals. Available from: & lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.chgs.com.my/chinese/download/Palm % 20Oil % 20Developments/june % 202006/The % 20changing % 20world % 20of % 20Oleochemicals.pdf & gt ; 13 ) International Finance Corporation, IFC, 2007, Environmental, Health and Safety Guidelines for Oleochemicals Manufacturing [ Online ] . Available from: & lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www1.ifc.org/wps/wcm/connect/f5c493804886588bb656f66a6515bb18/Final % 2B- % 2BOleochemicals % 2BManufacturing.pdf? MOD=AJPERES & A ; id=1323153202672 & gt ; 14 ) Trudy, T. , 2009, Man-made Ingredients: The argument over synthetics [ Online ] Available at & lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.smallsimplelife.com/resources/petrochemicals-and-oleochemical-synthetics/ & gt ; 15 ) European Oleochemicals & A ; Allied Products Group, APAG 2006, Challenges and potency of biomass & A ; biofuels for the European Oleochemical industry [ Online ] . Available at: & lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.europarl.europa.eu/hearings/20060601/itre/decooman_en.pdf & gt ;16 ) Ahmad, Mohd Jaaffar, and Tang Thin Su, 2005 â€Å" Supply and demand of biodiesel in the European Union ( EU ) . â€Å" A Palm Oil DevA 42 ( 2005 ) : 8-14.